中国工艺美术 Chinese Arts and Crafts
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中国的工艺美术有着悠久的历史。原始社会新石器时代的陶器,可以说是最早的工艺美术品。此后,商周的青铜器,战国的漆器,汉唐的丝织品,宋朝的刺绣,明清的景泰蓝和瓷器等,都以其精美、名贵闻名于世。很早以前就已经走向世界,想世人展示了自己的风采。
Chinese arts and crafts have a long history. Earthenware of the primitive society of the Neolithic Age is the earliest artistic work. The bronze ware of the Shang (16th century BC -- 11th century BC) and Zhou (11th century BC -- 221 BC) dynasties, lacquer ware of the Warring States Period (475 BC --221 BC), silk fabrics of the Han (206 BC -- 220 AD) and Tang (618 -- 907) dynasties, embroidery of the Song Dynasty (960 -- 1279), Cloisonne and porcelain of the Ming (1368 -- 1644) and Qing (1644 -- 1911) dynasties, all enjoy world-wide reputation for their exquisiteness and refinement. They have long been shipped around the world. |
瓷器 Porcelain
英语中的“China” 一词有两个含义,一个是中国,一个是瓷器。西方人很早就把中国与瓷器联系在一起,这是因为制瓷技术是中国人发明的。瓷器是从陶器发展来的,如果从生产原始瓷器的商代算起,中国的瓷器大约有3000多年的历史了。中国的各个历史时期都出现了别具特色的制作瓷器的名窑和陶瓷新品种。江西的景德镇被称为中国的“瓷都”。景德镇的瓷器轻巧精美,其中的青花瓷、粉彩瓷、青花玲珑瓷、薄胎瓷被视为珍宝。
“China" in English has two meanings, China as a country and china as porcelain. Westerners have linked the country of China with porcelain since a long time ago,because the technique of manufacturing porcelain was originally invented in China. Porcelain was developed on the basis of pottery. If calculated from the appearance of the primitive porcelain in the Shang Dynasty, it has a history of about 3,000 years. Jingdezhen of Jiangxi Province was the Capital of Porcelain in its history. The porcelain ware of Jingdezhen is light and exquisite in design. The most precious items include Blue and White Porcelain, Colored Porcelain, Exquisite Blue and White Porcelain and Eggshell Porcelain.
英语中的“China” 一词有两个含义,一个是中国,一个是瓷器。西方人很早就把中国与瓷器联系在一起,这是因为制瓷技术是中国人发明的。瓷器是从陶器发展来的,如果从生产原始瓷器的商代算起,中国的瓷器大约有3000多年的历史了。中国的各个历史时期都出现了别具特色的制作瓷器的名窑和陶瓷新品种。江西的景德镇被称为中国的“瓷都”。景德镇的瓷器轻巧精美,其中的青花瓷、粉彩瓷、青花玲珑瓷、薄胎瓷被视为珍宝。
“China" in English has two meanings, China as a country and china as porcelain. Westerners have linked the country of China with porcelain since a long time ago,because the technique of manufacturing porcelain was originally invented in China. Porcelain was developed on the basis of pottery. If calculated from the appearance of the primitive porcelain in the Shang Dynasty, it has a history of about 3,000 years. Jingdezhen of Jiangxi Province was the Capital of Porcelain in its history. The porcelain ware of Jingdezhen is light and exquisite in design. The most precious items include Blue and White Porcelain, Colored Porcelain, Exquisite Blue and White Porcelain and Eggshell Porcelain.
刺绣 Embroidery
刺绣, 是中国著名的传统手工艺品, 已经有3000 多年的历史。 人们用丝、绒或者棉线,在绸缎和布帛上穿针引线,绣出各式各样美丽的花纹和图案。中国刺绣的品种很多,江苏的苏绣、湖南的湘绣、广东的粤绣和四川的蜀绣, 被人们称为中国的 “四大名绣”。刺绣可以用来装饰,可以做服装、被面、枕套、床罩等生活用品,也可以成为华贵的艺术品和陈设品,深受人们喜爱。
Embroidery is a renowned traditional Chinese handicraft with a history of more than 3000 years. On a piece of silk or cloth, people embroider all kinds of beautiful pictures and patterns with threads of silk, wool or cotton. Among various kinds of embroidery, the best products come from provinces: Jiangsu (notably Suzhou), Hunan, Guangdong and Sichuan. Embroidery can be used in many ways. It is often adopted in clothing, quilt covers, pillowcases and bed sheets. It can also be displayed as a work of art or used for decorative purpose.
刺绣, 是中国著名的传统手工艺品, 已经有3000 多年的历史。 人们用丝、绒或者棉线,在绸缎和布帛上穿针引线,绣出各式各样美丽的花纹和图案。中国刺绣的品种很多,江苏的苏绣、湖南的湘绣、广东的粤绣和四川的蜀绣, 被人们称为中国的 “四大名绣”。刺绣可以用来装饰,可以做服装、被面、枕套、床罩等生活用品,也可以成为华贵的艺术品和陈设品,深受人们喜爱。
Embroidery is a renowned traditional Chinese handicraft with a history of more than 3000 years. On a piece of silk or cloth, people embroider all kinds of beautiful pictures and patterns with threads of silk, wool or cotton. Among various kinds of embroidery, the best products come from provinces: Jiangsu (notably Suzhou), Hunan, Guangdong and Sichuan. Embroidery can be used in many ways. It is often adopted in clothing, quilt covers, pillowcases and bed sheets. It can also be displayed as a work of art or used for decorative purpose.
玉雕 Jade Carving
玉雕是中国最古老的雕刻品种之一。早在新石器时代晚期,中华民族就有了玉制工具。玉石历来被人们当做珍宝,在中国古代,玉被作为美好品质的标志和君子风范的象征。玉,实际是优质的石。玉石种类非常多,有白玉、黄玉、碧玉、翡翠等等。玉石加工雕琢称为精美的工艺品,称为玉雕。工艺师根据不同玉料的天然颜色和自然形状,经过精心设计,反复琢磨,才能把玉石雕制成精美的工艺品。
Jade carving is one of the oldest carving arts in China. Crude jade tools appeared in China as early as in the late Neolithic Age.In ancient China, jade was also regarded as a system of refinement and moral ethics. Jade is a high-quality stone and has a good many variants. There are white jade, yellow jade, jadeite, and etc. Jade carving refers to the process to carve a piece of jade into a fine article of art. A carving artist has to thoroughly examine a piece of jade, cudgel his brains to make a design according to its natural colors and shape, and turn it into an artistic work.
玉雕是中国最古老的雕刻品种之一。早在新石器时代晚期,中华民族就有了玉制工具。玉石历来被人们当做珍宝,在中国古代,玉被作为美好品质的标志和君子风范的象征。玉,实际是优质的石。玉石种类非常多,有白玉、黄玉、碧玉、翡翠等等。玉石加工雕琢称为精美的工艺品,称为玉雕。工艺师根据不同玉料的天然颜色和自然形状,经过精心设计,反复琢磨,才能把玉石雕制成精美的工艺品。
Jade carving is one of the oldest carving arts in China. Crude jade tools appeared in China as early as in the late Neolithic Age.In ancient China, jade was also regarded as a system of refinement and moral ethics. Jade is a high-quality stone and has a good many variants. There are white jade, yellow jade, jadeite, and etc. Jade carving refers to the process to carve a piece of jade into a fine article of art. A carving artist has to thoroughly examine a piece of jade, cudgel his brains to make a design according to its natural colors and shape, and turn it into an artistic work.
丝绸 Silk
中国是最早生产丝绸的国家。考古学家认为,中国的桑蚕丝织技术,至少有4000多年的历史。丝绸很早就成了古代宫廷贵族的主要衣料和对外贸易的重要商品。中国古代丝绸品种丰富多彩。自从2000多年以前,汉代著名的外交家张骞打通了通往欧洲、西亚许多地区的“丝绸之路”,华美的中国丝绸就开始源源不断地输往欧洲和西亚各国。中国也因此被称为“丝国”。
China is the earlier country to have produced silk. Chinese archaeologists believe the technology of silk weaving has at least a history of 4000 years. Silk fabrics had been the main materials to make clothes for the noblemen and their families as well as an important commodity for export since long ago. There were various kinds of ancient Chinese silk. As early as the Han Dynasty of 2000 years ago, Zhang Qian, a famous diplomat of the time, opened up the "Silk Road" leading to West Asia and Europe. It was along this road that silk was continuously transported to those countries. Westerners were very fond of Chinese silk. China, therefore, was called the "Silk Country".
中国是最早生产丝绸的国家。考古学家认为,中国的桑蚕丝织技术,至少有4000多年的历史。丝绸很早就成了古代宫廷贵族的主要衣料和对外贸易的重要商品。中国古代丝绸品种丰富多彩。自从2000多年以前,汉代著名的外交家张骞打通了通往欧洲、西亚许多地区的“丝绸之路”,华美的中国丝绸就开始源源不断地输往欧洲和西亚各国。中国也因此被称为“丝国”。
China is the earlier country to have produced silk. Chinese archaeologists believe the technology of silk weaving has at least a history of 4000 years. Silk fabrics had been the main materials to make clothes for the noblemen and their families as well as an important commodity for export since long ago. There were various kinds of ancient Chinese silk. As early as the Han Dynasty of 2000 years ago, Zhang Qian, a famous diplomat of the time, opened up the "Silk Road" leading to West Asia and Europe. It was along this road that silk was continuously transported to those countries. Westerners were very fond of Chinese silk. China, therefore, was called the "Silk Country".